Deepfake defense: Combining spatial and temporal cues with CNN–BiLSTM–transformer architecture

• Srijana Yadav,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

  ⨯
• S. Sudheer Mangalampalli

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision

  * E-mail: ms.sudheer@manipal.edu

  Affiliation Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0628-8638

  ⨯