High-performance eco-concrete beams with calcined montmorillonite, metakaolin pyrolyzed coffee grounds, and hybrid fibers for enhanced bending strength and microstructural refinement

• Amani Abdallah Hepautwa ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: hepautwaamani@gmail.com

  Affiliations Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Musoma (Butiama-HQ), Mara, Tanzania

  https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2209-2712

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• Askwar Hilonga,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania

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• Register Mrosso,

  Roles Data curation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania

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• Tusekile Alfredy,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania

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• Gabriel Mwalusambo,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Musoma (Butiama-HQ), Mara, Tanzania

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• Fina Lesafi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania

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• Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Materials and Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy Futures (WISE-Futures) African Centre of Excellence, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania

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