The impact of physical therapy direct access policy on opioid shipments and opioid-related deaths: A difference-in-differences analysis

• Geronimo Bejarano,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-4132

  ⨯
• Peter Hull,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• James J. Young,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

  ⨯
• David J. Meyers,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kevin N. Griffith

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kevin.griffith@vumc.org

  Affiliations Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Partnered Evidence-Based Policy Resource Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-8602

  ⨯