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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Associations of sunlight affinity with depression and sleep disorders in American males: Evidence from NHANES 2009–2020

Haifeng Liu ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Haifeng Liu, Jia Yang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3056-5136

⨯
Jia Yang ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Haifeng Liu, Jia Yang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: Yangjia202416@163.com

Affiliation College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8012-2524

⨯
Tiejun Liu,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
⨯
Weimin Zhao

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
⨯

Associations of sunlight affinity with depression and sleep disorders in American males: Evidence from NHANES 2009–2020

Haifeng Liu,
Jia Yang,
Tiejun Liu,
Weimin Zhao

x

Published: October 15, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332098

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Sunlight
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Sleep
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Depression
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Sleep disorders
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Medical risk factors
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Behavior
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Clinical psychology
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Psychological attitudes
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