Beyond the freedom to refuse patient: A retrospective comparative study of emergency transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

• Kaiho Hirata ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: kaihouhirata@gmail.com

  Affiliations Department of Emergency Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan, Department of Emergency Medicine, AdventHealth Tampa, Tampa, Florida, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4251-639X

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• Takuyo Chiba,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan

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• Reo Takaku,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

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• Chen Meilai,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization

  Affiliation Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

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• Shunya Ikeda,

  Roles Supervision

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan

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• Takashi Shiga

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan

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