A reduction in serum IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF serves as potential markers for a positive outcome to lumbar epidural steroid injections

• Pornpan Chalermkitpanit,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Pain Management Research Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Weerasak Singhatanadgige,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Supervision

  Affiliations Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Wicharn Yingsakmongkol,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliations Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Teerachat Tanasansomboon,

  Roles Project administration, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Orthopedics, Samut Sakhon Hospital, Samut Sakhon, Thailand

  ⨯
• Manassanan Jitjumnong,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation

  Affiliation Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

  ⨯
• Sittisak Honsawek

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision

  * E-mail: Sittisak.h@chula.ac.th

  Affiliation Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-9092

  ⨯