Population structure of three New Zealand crested penguins identifies current conservation challenges for the Fiordland penguin/tawaki, erect-crested penguin, and eastern rockhopper penguin

• Jeff White ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jeffwwhite90@gmail.com

  Current affiliation: Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

  Affiliations Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America, Department of Biology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6889-0383

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• Philip Lavretsky,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Science, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America

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• Pablo Garcia Borboroglu,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Global Penguin Society, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina, Centro Nacional Patagónico-(CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina, The Tawaki Trust, Dunedin, New Zealand

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• Alexis Díaz,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America, División de Ornitología, Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Lima, Perú

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• Ursula Ellenberg,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Global Penguin Society, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina, The Tawaki Trust, Dunedin, New Zealand, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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• David Houston,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations The Tawaki Trust, Dunedin, New Zealand, Department of Conservation, Auckland, New Zealand

  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4627-6069

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• Robin Long,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation West Coast Penguin Trust, Hokitika, New Zealand

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• Thomas Mattern,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Global Penguin Society, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina, The Tawaki Trust, Dunedin, New Zealand, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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• Herman L. Mays,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1104-5100

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• Klemens Pütz,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Antarctic Research Trust, Bremervörde, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-2669

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• Philip J. Seddon,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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• Kevin G. McCracken

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America, Human Genetic and Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America

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