Parental beliefs and the influence of formal and informal literacy environments on preschoolers’ attitudes toward English learning

• Qingyun Li ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶☯ These authors contributed in revising the work critically for important intellectual content.

  Affiliation School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4207-3513

  ⨯
• Kimberley Kong ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kimberley.kong@usm.my

  Affiliation School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8826-7353

  ⨯
• Qian Li ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ QL and QW authors also contributed in revising the work critically and format the manuscript to be published.

  Affiliation School of Educational Studies, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China

  ⨯
• Qian Wang

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ QL and QW authors also contributed in revising the work critically and format the manuscript to be published.

  Affiliation Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

  ⨯