Unsung climate guardians: The overlooked role of remnant and spontaneous trees in carbon stocks and gains from tree growth in West African cocoa fields

• Isaac Kouamé Konan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation UPR de Botanique, UFR Bioscience, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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• Anny Estelle N’Guessan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation UPR de Botanique, UFR Bioscience, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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• Aimé Kouassi,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation UMRI SAPT (Sciences Agronomiques et Procédés de Transformation), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire

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• Marie Ruth Dago,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation UMRI SAPT (Sciences Agronomiques et Procédés de Transformation), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-9229

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• Justin Kassi N’Dja,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation UPR de Botanique, UFR Bioscience, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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• Raphaël Aussenac,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations UMRI SAPT (Sciences Agronomiques et Procédés de Transformation), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-4716

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• Stéphane Guei,

  Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre d’excellence Africain sur le changement climatique la biodiversité et l’agriculture durable, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2492-7396

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• Patrick Jagoret,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation CIRAD, UMR ABSys, Montpellier, France

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• Bruno Hérault

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: bruno.herault@cirad.fr

  Affiliations UPR Forêts et Sociétés, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-7286

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