An integrated IKOA-CNN-BiGRU-Attention framework with SHAP explainability for high-precision debris flow hazard prediction in the Nujiang river basin, China

• Hao Yang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8771-5537

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• Tianlong Wang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: tianlong_wang@zju.edu.cn

  Affiliations Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeSingapore

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-5481

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• Nikita Igorevich Fomin,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

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• Shuoting Xiao,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

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• Liang Liu

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

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