Pitch characteristics of real-world infant-directed speech vary with pragmatic context, perceived adult gender, and infant gender

• Emily M. Neer ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: emily.neer.7@gmail.com

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-468X

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• Anvi Brahmbhatt,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0818-8730

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• Catherine R. Walsh,

  Roles Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-6484

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• Anne S. Warlaumont

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Communication, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-1372

  ⨯