Spike substitutions E484D, P812R and Q954H mediate ACE2-independent entry of SARS-CoV-2 across different cell lines

• Greta Vizgirda ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Greta Vizgirda, Alexander P. Underwood

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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• Alexander P. Underwood ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Greta Vizgirda, Alexander P. Underwood

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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• Ulrik Fahnøe,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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• Nina Weis,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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• Santseharay Ramirez ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ SR and JB also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

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• Jens Bukh

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jbukh@sund.ku.dk

  ¶‡ SR and JB also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-4806

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