Unsustainable anthropogenic mortality threatens the long-term viability of lion populations in Mozambique

• João Almeida ,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  ¶JA and WBL shared first co-authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Mozambique Wildlife Alliance, Maputo, Mozambique

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• Willem D. Briers-Louw ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: 17193729@sun.ac.za

  ¶JA and WBL shared first co-authorship on this work.

  Affiliations Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Zambeze Delta Conservation, Marromeu, Sofala, Mozambique

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-7609

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• Agostinho Jorge,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Niassa Carnivore Programme, Mariri/ TRT Conservation Foundation, Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique

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• Colleen Begg,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Niassa Carnivore Programme, Mariri/ TRT Conservation Foundation, Niassa Special Reserve, Mozambique

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• Marnus Roodbol,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Conservation Science Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

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• Hans Bauer,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom

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• Andrew Loveridge,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom, Panthera, New York City, New York, United States of America

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• Matthew Wijers,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom

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• Rob Slotow,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

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• Peter Lindsey,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Wildlife Conservation Network, San Francisco, California, United States of America

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• Kristoffer Everatt,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Panthera, New York City, New York, United States of America, Greater Limpopo Carnivore Programme, Limpopo National Park, Gaza, Mozambique

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• Holly Rosier,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rio Save Safaris, Manica, Mozambique

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• Sean Nazerali,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Independent researcher, Maputo, Mozambique

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• Lizanne Roxburgh,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Conservation Science Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

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• Hugo Pereira,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Mozambique Wildlife Alliance, Maputo, Mozambique

  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4527-1539

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• Mercia da Conceicao,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique

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• Armindo Araman,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Administração Nacional das Áreas de Conservação, Maputo, Mozambique

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• Osvaldo J. Abrao,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Conservation Science Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa, Peace Parks Foundation, Stellenbosch, South Africa

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• Alison J. Leslie,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

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• Franziska Steinbruch,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Planether, Maputo, Mozambique

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8125-5376

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• Vincent N. Naude,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-1727

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•  [ ... ],
• Samantha K. Nicholson

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Endangered Wildlife Trust, Conservation Science Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa

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