Effects of sake lees intake on fecal uremic toxins, plasma D-alanine, constipation, and gut microbiome in healthy adults: A single-arm clinical trial

• Toshiaki Tokumaru,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan, Department of Nutrition Management, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5323-0688

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• Tadashi Toyama,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

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• Yusuke Nakade,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Hisayuki Ogura,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Megumi Oshima,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-5229

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• Shiori Nakagawa,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Masashi Mita,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation KAGAMI INC., Osaka, Japan

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• Taro Miyagawa,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Shinji Kitajima,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Akinori Hara,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Norihiko Sakai,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Miho Shimizu,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Yasunori Iwata ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: iwatay@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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• Takashi Wada

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

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