Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) mentally represent collaboration?: Action-learning and communication in a partnered task

• Elizabeth Warren ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ewarren8@jh.edu (EW); esm7@st-andrews.ac.uk (ESM)

  ¶☯ EW and ESM contributed equally to the manuscript

  Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-4521

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• Emma Suvi McEwen ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ewarren8@jh.edu (EW); esm7@st-andrews.ac.uk (ESM)

  ¶☯ EW and ESM contributed equally to the manuscript

  Affiliation University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3886-0255

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• Josep Call

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland

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