Incorporating sparse labels into hidden Markov models using weighted likelihoods improves accuracy and interpretability in biologging studies

• Evan Sidrow ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: evan.sidrow@stat.ubc.ca

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-8376

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• Nancy Heckman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Tess M. McRae,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-7852

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• Beth L. Volpov,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Andrew W. Trites,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Sarah M.E. Fortune,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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• Marie Auger-Méthé

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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