Social associations and habitat selection delineate two subpopulations of west coast transient killer whales (Orcinus orca rectipinnus) in the California Current System

• Josh D. McInnes ,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: j.mcinnes@oceans.ubc.ca

  Affiliations Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Pacific WildLife Foundation, Port Moody, British Columbia, Canada, Oceanic Research Alliance, Monterey Bay, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-6191

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• Andrew W. Trites,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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• Kevin M. Lester,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Oceanic Research Alliance, Monterey Bay, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4628-5246

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• Chelsea R. Mathieson,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Oceanic Research Alliance, Monterey Bay, California, United States of America, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6439-8898

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• Lawrence M. Dill,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

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• Jeffrey E. Moore,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, California, United States of America

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• Marilyn E. Dahlheim,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Marine Mammal Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Jonathan J. Scordino,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Marine Mammal Program, Makah Fisheries Management, Makah Tribe, Neah Bay, Washington, United States of America

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• K. S. Jasper Kanes,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada

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• Paula A. Olson

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, California, United States of America

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