Climate variability and Germanic settlement dynamics in the Middle Danube region during the Roman Period (1st–4th Century CE)

Marek Vlach; Balázs Komoróczy; Max Carl Arne Torbenson; Jan Esper; Rudolf Brázdil; Ulf Büntgen; Daniela Semerádová; Otmar Urban; Jan Balek; Tomáš Kolář; Michal Rybníček; Miroslav Trnka

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325139

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Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Climate variability and Germanic settlement dynamics in the Middle Danube region during the Roman Period (1^st–4^th Century CE)

Marek Vlach ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: vlach@arub.cz

Affiliation Institute of Archaeology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-4938

⨯
Balázs Komoróczy ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Archaeology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-7230

⨯
Max Carl Arne Torbenson ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-2238

⨯
Jan Esper ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Rudolf Brázdil ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Ulf Büntgen ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
⨯
Daniela Semerádová ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Otmar Urban ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Jan Balek ,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Tomáš Kolář ,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Michal Rybníček ,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯
Miroslav Trnka

Contributed equally to this work with: Marek Vlach, Balázs Komoróczy, Max Carl Arne Torbenson, Jan Esper, Rudolf Brázdil, Ulf Büntgen, Otmar Urban, Miroslav Trnka

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
⨯

Climate variability and Germanic settlement dynamics in the Middle Danube region during the Roman Period (1^st–4^th Century CE)

Marek Vlach,
Balázs Komoróczy,
Max Carl Arne Torbenson,
Jan Esper,
Rudolf Brázdil,
Ulf Büntgen,
Daniela Semerádová,
Otmar Urban,
Jan Balek,
Tomáš Kolář

Published: July 16, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325139

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