Natural soap is clinically effective and less toxic and more biodegradable in aquatic organisms and human skin cells than synthetic detergents

• Takahide Kanyama,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Research and Development Department, Shabondama Soap Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Akihiro Masunaga,

  Roles Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Research and Development Department, Shabondama Soap Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Takayoshi Kawahara,

  Roles Methodology, Validation

  Affiliations Research and Development Department, Shabondama Soap Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Hayato Morita,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources

  Affiliation Shabondama Soap Co., Ltd., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Sadanori Akita

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: akitas@hf.rim.or.jp

  Affiliations Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan, Tamaki Aozora Hospital, Tokushima, Japan

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