Understanding stigma: The experiences of people with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Ruby Stein; Anil Fastenau; Hina Aman; Nimer Ortuño-Gutiérrez; Chris Schmotzer; Sophie CW. Unterkircher; Eva Pilot

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324614

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Understanding stigma: The experiences of people with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Ruby Stein,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association (GLRA/DAHW), HQ, Wuerzburg, Germany
⨯
Anil Fastenau,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association (GLRA/DAHW), HQ, Wuerzburg, Germany, German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association (GLRA/DAHW), Asian region, India, Aid to Leprosy Patients, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8495-8227

⨯
Hina Aman,

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Aid to Leprosy Patients, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
⨯
Nimer Ortuño-Gutiérrez,

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Damien Foundation, Brussels, Belgium
⨯
Chris Schmotzer,

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Aid to Leprosy Patients, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
⨯
Sophie CW. Unterkircher ,

Roles Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: sophie.stuetzle@web.de

Affiliation Department of Global Health, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0564-9974

⨯
Eva Pilot

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
⨯

Understanding stigma: The experiences of people with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Ruby Stein,
Anil Fastenau,
Hina Aman,
Nimer Ortuño-Gutiérrez,
Chris Schmotzer,
Sophie CW. Unterkircher,
Eva Pilot

Published: June 16, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324614

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Tuberculosis
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Human families
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