Social bonding between humans, animals, and robots: Dogs outperform AIBOs, their robotic replicas, as social companions

• Stella Klumpe ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Stella Klumpe, Kelsey C. Mitchell

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Germany

  ⨯
• Kelsey C. Mitchell ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Stella Klumpe, Kelsey C. Mitchell

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  ¶‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

  Affiliation School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Virginia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Emma Cox,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jeffrey S. Katz,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University Neuroimaging Center, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lucia Lazarowski,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Canine Performance Sciences Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America

  ⨯
• Gopikrishna Deshpande,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Auburn University Neuroimaging Center, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jonathan Gratch,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation USC Institute for Creative Technologies, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ewart J. de Visser,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Warfighter Effectiveness Research Center, United States of America Air Force Academy, Colorado, United States of America, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  ⨯
• Hasan Ayaz,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, United States of America, A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Pennsylvania, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-2741

  ⨯
• Xingnan Li,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, United States of America

  ⨯
• Adrian A. Franke,

  Roles Data curation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, United States of America

  ⨯
• Frank Krueger

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: fkrueger@gmu.edu

  Affiliation School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Virginia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-2463

  ⨯