-
Loading metrics
Open Access
Peer-reviewed
Research Article
Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes
-
Curtis Edward Phills ,
Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: phills@uoregon.edu, curtis.phills@gmail.com
Affiliations Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
⨯ -
Jeremy K. Miller,
Roles Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America
⨯ -
Erin M. Buchanan,
Roles Formal analysis, Project administration, Software, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Analytics, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯ -
Amanda Williams,
Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Waterloo Regional Police Service, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
⨯ -
Chanel Meyers,
Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
⨯ -
Elizabeth R. Brown,
Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
⨯ -
Janis Zickfeld,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Management Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
⨯ -
Selina Volsa,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
⨯ -
Stefan Stieger,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
⨯ -
Elisabeth Oberzaucher,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
⨯ -
Vinka Mlakic,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
⨯ -
Martin Vasilev,
Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, United Kingdom
⨯ -
İlker Dalgar,
Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
⨯ -
Sami Çoksan,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Psychology, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey, Network for Economic and Social Trends, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
⨯ -
Sinem Söylemez,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
⨯ -
Çağlar Solak,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
⨯ -
Asil Ali Özdoğru,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Psychology, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey, Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
⨯ -
Belemir Çoktok,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
⨯ -
Chun-Chia Kung,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
⨯ -
Panita Suavansri,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
⨯ -
Harry Manley,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences, Education, and Languages, HELP University Subang 2, Shah Alam, Malaysia
⨯ -
Sara Álvarez-Solas,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Ecosystem Engineer, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
⨯ -
Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
⨯ -
Ivan Ropovik,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia, Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia, Institute of Psychology, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
⨯ -
Gabriel Baník,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
⨯ -
Peter Babinčák,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Institute of Psychology, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
⨯ -
Matúš Adamkovič,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Institute of Social Sciences, CSPS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
⨯ -
Pavol Kačmár,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
⨯ -
Monika Hricová,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
⨯ -
Jozef Bavoľár,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
⨯ -
Lisa Li,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Macau, China
⨯ -
Fei Gao,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Macau, China
⨯ -
Zhong Chen,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Macau, China
⨯ -
Vanja Ković,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Laboratory for Neurocognition and Applied Cognition, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
⨯ -
Vasilije Gvozdenović,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Laboratory for Neurocognition and Applied Cognition, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
⨯ -
Patrícia Arriaga,
Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon, CIS-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
⨯ -
Katarzyna Filip,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
⨯ -
Krystian Barzykowski,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
⨯ -
Sylwia Adamus,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
⨯ -
Gerit Pfuhl,
Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Psychology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
⨯ -
Sarah E. Martiny,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
⨯ -
Kristoffer Klevjer,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
⨯ -
Frederike S. Woelfert,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
⨯ -
Christian K. Tamnes,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
⨯ -
Jonas R. Kunst,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
⨯ -
Max Korbmacher,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
⨯ -
Margaret Messiah Singh,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Sraddha Pradhan,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Noorshama Parveen,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Arti Parganiha,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Babita Pande,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Pratibha Kujur,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Priyanka Chandel,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
⨯ -
Niv Reggev,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
⨯ -
Aviv Mokady,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
⨯ -
Marietta Papadatou-Pastou,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⨯ -
Roxane Schnepper,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
⨯ -
Jan Philipp Röer,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
⨯ -
Tilli Ripp,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
⨯ -
Ekaterina Pronizius,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
⨯ -
Claus Lamm,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
⨯ -
Martin Voracek,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
⨯ -
Jerome Olsen,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
⨯ -
Janina Enachescu,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
⨯ -
Carlota Batres,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯ -
Daniel Storage,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
⨯ -
Carmel A. Levitan,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Cognitive Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California United States of America
⨯ -
Manyu Li,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
⨯ -
Leigh Ann Vaughn,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
⨯ -
William J. Chopik,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
⨯ -
Kathleen Schmidt,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, United States of America
⨯ -
Peter R. Mallik,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Hubbard Decision Research, Glen Ellyn, Illinois, United States of America
⨯ -
Savannah Lewis,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
⨯ -
Brynna Leach,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, United States of America
⨯ -
Brianna Jurosic,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, United States of America
⨯ -
David Moreau,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
⨯ -
Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
⨯ -
Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
⨯ -
Steve M. J. Janssen,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
⨯ -
Alicia Foo,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
⨯ -
Chrystalle B. Y. Tan,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Glenn P. Williams,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Danny Riis,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Psychology, School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Bethany M. Lane,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Psychology, School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Dermot Lynott,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
⨯ -
Thomas Rhys Evans,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Social, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Miroslav Sirota,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Dawn L. Holford,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Kaitlyn M. Werner,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
⨯ -
Kelly Wang,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
⨯ -
Marina Milyavskaya,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
⨯ -
Ian D. Stephen,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Robert M. Ross,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
⨯ -
Andrew Roberts,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
⨯ -
Omid Ghasemi,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
⨯ -
Niklas K. Steffens,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
⨯ -
Kim Peters,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
⨯ -
Barnaby Dixson,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Health Psychology, University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
⨯ -
Marco Antonio Correa Varella,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Jaroslava V. Valentova,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Anthonieta Looman Mafra,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Yago Luksevicius de Moraes,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Luana Oliveira da Silva,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Caio Santos Alves da Silva,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
⨯ -
Mai Helmy,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
⨯ -
Mariah Balderrama,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, United States of America
⨯ -
Ali H. Al-Hoorie,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
⨯ -
Tyler McGee,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States of America
⨯ -
Zahir Vally,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emerates
⨯ -
Attila Szuts,
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
⨯ -
Patrick Forscher,
Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France, Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya
⨯ -
Pablo Bernabeu,
Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom, Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
⨯ -
Balazs Aczel,
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
⨯ -
Anna Szabelska,
Roles Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Cognition and Culture, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
⨯ -
Sau-Chin Chen,
Roles Investigation, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Human Development and Psychology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
⨯ -
Christopher R. Chartier,
Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, United States of America
⨯ - [ ... ],
-
Zoltan Kekecs
Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
⨯ - [ view all ]
- [ view less ]
Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes
- Curtis Edward Phills,
- Jeremy K. Miller,
- Erin M. Buchanan,
- Amanda Williams,
- Chanel Meyers,
- Elizabeth R. Brown,
- Janis Zickfeld,
- Selina Volsa,
- Stefan Stieger,
- Elisabeth Oberzaucher
- Published: June 25, 2025
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323938