Local data for local programming: Results from an HIV biobehavioral survey among people who inject drugs in Livingstone, Lusaka, and Ndola, Zambia, 2021

• Daniel Woytowich ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: toj2@cdc.gov

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-2208

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• Anne F. McIntyre ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Hiwote Solomon ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Current Address: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Division of Global HIV and TB, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

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• Brave Hanunka ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Lusaka, Zambia

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• Lazarus Chelu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Lusaka, Zambia

  ⨯
• Tepa Nkumbula ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Lusaka, Zambia

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• Leigh Tally ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Lusaka, Zambia

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• Ray Handema ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Tropical Disease Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia

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• Shepherd Khondowe ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Tropical Disease Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia

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• Kelvin Kapungu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Tropical Disease Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia

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• Lophina Chilukutu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Lusaka, Zambia

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• Innocent Bwalya ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Tropical Disease Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia

  ⨯
• Chipili Mulemfwe ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Lusaka, Zambia

  ⨯
• Melvin Mwansa ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Lusaka, Zambia

  ⨯
• Kennedy Mutale ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Key Populations Consortium, Lusaka, Zambia

  ⨯
• Neena M. Philip ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-8197

  ⨯
• Giles Reid ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1699-4324

  ⨯
• Joyce J. Neal ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

  ⨯
• Maria Lahuerta ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-9273

  ⨯
• Lauren E. Parmley ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5119-5811

  ⨯
• Hannah Chung ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Avi J. Hakim ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Current Address: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Division of Global HIV and TB, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jonas Z. Hines ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Lusaka, Zambia

  ⨯
• Evelyn Kim ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Current Address: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Division of Global HIV and TB, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• John Mwale ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ministry of Health Zambia, National HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Council, Lusaka, Zambia

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•  [ ... ],
• Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Woytowich, Anne F. McIntyre, Hiwote Solomon, Brave Hanunka, Lazarus Chelu, Tepa Nkumbula, Leigh Tally, Ray Handema, Shepherd Khondowe, Kelvin Kapungu, Lophina Chilukutu, Innocent Bwalya, Chipili Mulemfwe, Melvin Mwansa, Kennedy Mutale, Neena M. Philip, Giles Reid, Joyce J. Neal, Maria Lahuerta, Lauren E. Parmley, Hannah Chung, Avi J. Hakim, Jonas Z. Hines, Evelyn Kim, John Mwale, Lloyd B. Mulenga

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Ministry of Health Zambia, National HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Council, Lusaka, Zambia, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia

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