Amphetamine use and Parkinson’s disease: integration of artificial intelligence prediction, clinical corroboration, and mechanism of action analyses

• Maria P. Gorenflo ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Maria P. Gorenflo, Zhenxiang Gao

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-6823

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• Zhenxiang Gao ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Maria P. Gorenflo, Zhenxiang Gao

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

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• Pamela B. Davis,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

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• David Kaelber,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7855-9515

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• Rong Xu

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: rxx@case.edu

  Affiliation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-4795

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