Honey bee colony losses and causes during the active beekeeping season 2022/2023 in nine Sub-Saharan African countries

• Beatrice T. Nganso ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bnganso@icipe.org, ngansobeatrice@gmail.com

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6553-0561

  ⨯
• Workneh Ayalew ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Workneh Ayalew, Abebe J. Wubie, Freweini Assefa, Lulseged Belayhun

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Abebe J. Wubie ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Workneh Ayalew, Abebe J. Wubie, Freweini Assefa, Lulseged Belayhun

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Freweini Assefa ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Workneh Ayalew, Abebe J. Wubie, Freweini Assefa, Lulseged Belayhun

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Lulseged Belayhun ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Workneh Ayalew, Abebe J. Wubie, Freweini Assefa, Lulseged Belayhun

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Nelly N. Ndungu ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NNN, DT, ZNOA, MBW and YOO authors also contributed equally to this work

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Daniel Toroitich ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NNN, DT, ZNOA, MBW and YOO authors also contributed equally to this work

  Affiliation Apiculture and Beneficial Insects Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Marigat, Kenya

  ⨯
• Z. Ngalo Otieno-Ayayo ,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NNN, DT, ZNOA, MBW and YOO authors also contributed equally to this work

  Affiliation Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Rongo University, Rongo, Migori, Kenya

  ⨯
• Mbatha B. Wambua ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NNN, DT, ZNOA, MBW and YOO authors also contributed equally to this work

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Yudah O. Oyieyo ,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ NNN, DT, ZNOA, MBW and YOO authors also contributed equally to this work

  Affiliation Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Rongo University, Rongo, Migori, Kenya

  ⨯
• Ntirenganya Elie,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rwandan Association of Ecologists (ARECO Rwanda-NZIZA), Kigali, Rwanda

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-5693

  ⨯
• Rachidatou Sikirou,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Plant Protection (LADC), National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin (INRAB), Cotonou, Benin

  ⨯
• Souradji B. Idrissou,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Plant Protection (LADC), National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin (INRAB), Cotonou, Benin

  https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6015-2748

  ⨯
• Willy Mwiza,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), Kigali, Rwanda

  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9342-6603

  ⨯
• S. Turner,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Malaika Honey Company, Kampala, Uganda

  ⨯
• Bridget O. Bobadoye,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Forest Conservation and Protection, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Sidonie T. Fameni,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

  ⨯
• Sayemie Gaboe,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Nimba Beekeepers Incorporated, Nimba, Liberia

  ⨯
• Mawufe K. Agbodzavu,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo,

  ⨯
• Patrick Mafwila,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Animal Production, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo,

  ⨯
• Geraud C. Tasse Taboue,

  Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Multipurpose Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bangangté, Cameroon

  ⨯
• Kimathi Emily,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-2301

  ⨯
• Tonnang Z.E. Henri,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya, University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

  ⨯
• Saliou Niassy,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation African Union Inter-African Phytosanitary Council (AU-IAPSC), Yaoundé, Cameroon

  ⨯
• Simplice N. Fonkou,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Association for the Development of Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Resources (ADAFAR), Yaoundé, Cameroon

  ⨯
• Christian W. W. Pirk,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

  ⨯
• Alison Gray,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-0637

  ⨯
• Robert Brodschneider,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-0280

  ⨯
• Victoria Soroker,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Sevgan Subramanian

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Environmental Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

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