Cross-National variations in mental health: A cross-sectional study on depression, anxiety, and stress among university staff and students in Sub-Saharan African

• Oforbuike Onyebuchi Ike,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

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• Michael Agyemang Kwarteng,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-315X

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• Grace Ogbonna,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, Mzuzu University Malawi, Luwinga, Mzuzu,

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• Isaura Brito dos Santos ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Isaura Brito dos Santos, Edith Daniel-Nwosu

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-7606

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• Osamudiamen McHillary Ogiemudia,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, and Department of Optometry, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Novena University, Kwale, Benin City, Delta State, Nigeria

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• Anayochukwu E. Anyasodor,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia

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• Ellen Konadu Antwi-Adjei,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-8492

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• Okechi Ulumma Amaechi,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Okigwe, Abia State, Nigeria

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• Ejididke Gertrude Ebele,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria

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• Ngozika Esther Ezinne,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Optometry Unit, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, Bathurst Rural Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Bathurst New South Wales, Australia,

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• Khathutshelo Percy Mashige,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

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• Antor Ndep,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Health Education & Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-8195

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• Edith Daniel-Nwosu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Isaura Brito dos Santos, Edith Daniel-Nwosu

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Optometry, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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• Bernadine Nsa Ekpenyong,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

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• Tshubelela Sello Simon Magakwe,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8724-9911

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• Kingsley E. Agho,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia,, Discipline of Optometry, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

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• Ayomikun Nifemi Dahunsi,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Millenium Eye Center, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

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• Oyelola A. Adegboye,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia,

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• Kelechi C Ogbuehi,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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• Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: l.osuagwu@westernsydney.edu.au

  Affiliations Discipline of Optometry, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia 

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-6914

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•  [ ... ],
• Center for eyecare and Public Health Intervention Initiative (CEPHII)

  Affiliation Bathurst Rural Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Bathurst New South Wales, Australia,

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