LSWOA: An enhanced whale optimization algorithm with Levy flight and Spiral flight for numerical and engineering design optimization problems

• Junhao Wei,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0553-2032

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• Yanzhao Gu,

  Roles Supervision, Validation, Visualization

  Affiliation Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7162-4927

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• Zhanxi Xie,

  Roles Software

  Affiliation Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China

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• Yuzheng Yan,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

  Affiliation Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6214-3203

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• Baili Lu,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China

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• Zikun Li,

  Roles Data curation, Validation

  Affiliation School of Economics and Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China

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• Ngai Cheong ,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: ncheong@mpu.edu.mo

  Affiliation Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China

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• Jiafeng Zhang,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation Avaition College, Beijing Institute of Technology (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China

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• Song Zhang

  Roles Visualization

  Affiliation Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China

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