Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria contaminating the hands of patients’ visitors at regional referral hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam

Ninael Jonas; Donath Mkenda Valerian; Stanslaus Henry; Emmanuel Magembe; Reuben Abednego; Loveness Urio; Eligius Lyamuya

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0320700

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria contaminating the hands of patients’ visitors at regional referral hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam

Ninael Jonas ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: ninaeljonas@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,, Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9139-146X

⨯
Donath Mkenda Valerian,

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Visualization

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,, Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,
⨯
Stanslaus Henry,

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,,
⨯
Emmanuel Magembe,

Roles Supervision

Affiliation National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
⨯
Reuben Abednego,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation

Affiliation National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
⨯
Loveness Urio,

Roles Supervision, Validation

Affiliation Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,
⨯
Eligius Lyamuya

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania,
⨯

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria contaminating the hands of patients’ visitors at regional referral hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam

Ninael Jonas,
Donath Mkenda Valerian,
Stanslaus Henry,
Emmanuel Magembe,
Reuben Abednego,
Loveness Urio,
Eligius Lyamuya

Published: March 26, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320700

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Gram negative bacteria
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Nosocomial infections
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Antibiotic resistance
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Hygiene
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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