Evaluating the protective effects of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 ligand, CpG ODN, against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

• Mohammadali Alizadeh,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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• Samson Oladokun,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-8006

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• Charlotte Fletcher,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2466-5687

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• Nitish Boodhoo,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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• Fatemeh Fazel,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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• Bahram Shojadoost,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Ceva Animal Health Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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• Sugandha Raj,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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• Jiayu Zheng,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

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• Khaled Abdelaziz,

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Clemson University School of Health Research (CUSHR), Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America

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• Shayan Sharif

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: shayan@uoguelph.ca

  Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-012X

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