Integrating pharmacogenomics in three Middle Eastern countries’ healthcare (Lebanon, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia): Current insights, challenges, and strategic directions

• Said El Shamieh ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Said El Shamieh, Rimah Abdullah Saleem

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Molecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-0445

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• Rimah Abdullah Saleem ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Said El Shamieh, Rimah Abdullah Saleem

  Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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• Dalal Hammoudi Halat,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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• Hana M. A. Fakhoury,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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• Kholoud Bastaki,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision

  Affiliation Clinical and Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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• Mirna Fawaz,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

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• Ahmed Malki,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

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• Rajaa Fakhoury

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: rfakhoury@bau.edu.lb

  Affiliations Molecular Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-0066

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