The recombinant spike S1 protein induces injury and inflammation in co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages

• Yanru Liu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yanru Liu, Hong Yu, Jia He

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

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• Hong Yu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yanru Liu, Hong Yu, Jia He

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization

  Affiliation Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

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• Jia He ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yanru Liu, Hong Yu, Jia He

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

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• Jianyin Li,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

  ⨯
• Denggao Peng

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: 1370211295@qq.com

  Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-4474

  ⨯