Quantitative metrics for evaluating surgical dexterity using virtual reality simulations

• Mingyu Wu,

  Roles Data curation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligence and Digital Twin, Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7798-5316

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• Cham Ying Kit,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization

  Affiliation Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

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• Eileen Lee Ming Su ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: eileensu@utm.my

  Affiliation Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-5404

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• Che Fai Yeong,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

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• Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

  Affiliation Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, MITEC, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, Johor, Malaysia

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• William Holderbaum,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-9624

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• Chenguang Yang

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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