Urban morphology and climate vulnerability assessment in Kuwait: A spatio-temporal predictive analysis utilizing deep neural network-enhanced markov chain models for 2050 and 2100

• Walid Al-Shaar ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: walid-al-shaar@hotmail.com

  Affiliation College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-8245

  ⨯
• Xavier Lehmann,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation LVMT (Laboratoire Ville-Mobilité-Transport), Unité commune Université Gustave Eiffel and École des Ponts, Champs-sur-Marne, Paris, France

  ⨯
• Noha Saad,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait

  ⨯
• Gremina Elmazi,

  Roles Writing – original draft

  Affiliation College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait

  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3099-5064

  ⨯
• Mohamad Al-Shaar,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Geography Department, CREEMO (Centre de Recherche en Environnement-Espace Méditer-ranée Orientale), Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Campus des Sciences Humaines, Rue de Damas, Mar Mikhael, Beirut, Lebanon

  ⨯
• Christelle Tohme

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait

  ⨯