Extant life detection using label-free video microscopy in analog aquatic environments

• Carl D. Snyder ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Carl D. Snyder, Manuel Bedrossian, Jay L. Nadeau

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8974-6711

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• Manuel Bedrossian ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Carl D. Snyder, Manuel Bedrossian, Jay L. Nadeau

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

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• Casey Barr ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

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• Jody W. Deming ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Chris A. Lindensmith,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

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• Christian Stenner,

  Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Alberta Speleological Society, Calgary, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-8953

  ⨯
• Jay L. Nadeau

  Contributed equally to this work with: Carl D. Snyder, Manuel Bedrossian, Jay L. Nadeau

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: nadeau@pdx.edu

  Affiliation Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

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