Enhanced crayfish optimization algorithm: Orthogonal refracted opposition-based learning for robotic arm trajectory planning

• Yuefeng Leng,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China

  ⨯
• Chunlai Cui ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: 1592725789@qq.com

  Affiliation School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0952-747X

  ⨯
• Zhichao Jiang

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Validation

  Affiliation School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China

  ⨯