Mortality trends and disparities for coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease: A retrospective analysis of deaths in the United States from 1999–2020

• Aman Goyal ,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Conceptualization

  Current address: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Alchemist Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India

  ¶☯ These authors contributed equally to this work and are joint first authors.

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India,

  ⨯
• Humza Saeed ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  ¶☯ These authors contributed equally to this work and are joint first authors.

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Wania Sultan,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Ajeet Singh,

  Roles Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Abdullah,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2860-1370

  ⨯
• Muhammad Khubaib Arshad,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6203-8989

  ⨯
• Zubair Amin,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Mah I Kan Changez ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: mahikan.changez@yale.edu (MIKC); WALJAROUDI@augusta.edu (WA)

  Affiliation Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-153X

  ⨯
• Gauranga Mahalwar,

  Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rozi Khan,

  Roles Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Florence, South Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Wael AlJaroudi

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: mahikan.changez@yale.edu (MIKC); WALJAROUDI@augusta.edu (WA)

  Affiliation Department of Cardiology, WellStar MCG Health, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯