Large language models can consistently generate high-quality content for election disinformation operations

• Angus R Williams ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Angus R Williams, Liam Burke-Moore, Ryan Sze-Yin Chan, Florence E. Enock, Federico Nanni, Tvesha Sippy

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: arwilliams@turing.ac.uk

  Affiliation Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3136-3768

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• Liam Burke-Moore ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Angus R Williams, Liam Burke-Moore, Ryan Sze-Yin Chan, Florence E. Enock, Federico Nanni, Tvesha Sippy

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Ryan Sze-Yin Chan ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Angus R Williams, Liam Burke-Moore, Ryan Sze-Yin Chan, Florence E. Enock, Federico Nanni, Tvesha Sippy

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Research Engineering Group, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4209-924X

  ⨯
• Florence E. Enock ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Angus R Williams, Liam Burke-Moore, Ryan Sze-Yin Chan, Florence E. Enock, Federico Nanni, Tvesha Sippy

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision

  Affiliation Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Federico Nanni ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Angus R Williams, Liam Burke-Moore, Ryan Sze-Yin Chan, Florence E. Enock, Federico Nanni, Tvesha Sippy

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Research Engineering Group, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Tvesha Sippy ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Angus R Williams, Liam Burke-Moore, Ryan Sze-Yin Chan, Florence E. Enock, Federico Nanni, Tvesha Sippy

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Yi-Ling Chung,

  Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Evelina Gabasova,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision

  Affiliation Research Engineering Group, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-0657

  ⨯
• Kobi Hackenburg,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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• Jonathan Bright

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Public Policy, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom

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