The English Debating Self-Efficacy Scale: Scale development, validation, and psychometric properties

• Fanghua Liu,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation School of Graduates, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China

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• Yanchao Yang ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: 124985392@qq.com

  Affiliation Institute of International Language Services Studies, Macau Millennium College, Macau SAR, People’s Republic of China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-9727

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• Feng (Robin) Wang,

  Roles Conceptualization, Validation

  Affiliation School of Translation Studies, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China

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• Wangze Li

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

  Affiliation College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China

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