Prevalence and risk factors of Influenza Avian Virus in backyard pigeons, ducks, and chickens in Toba Tek Singh District, Pakistan

• Iram Shakeel ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Iram Shakeel, Hamad Bin Rashid, Mamoona Chaudhry

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: Mamoona.chaudhry@uvas.edu.pk, mchaudhr@ed.ac.uk (MC); Iramrana786786@gmail.com (IS)

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

  https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4427-949X

  ⨯
• Hamad Bin Rashid ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Iram Shakeel, Hamad Bin Rashid, Mamoona Chaudhry

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Qurat ul Ain,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics MMG University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan,

  ⨯
• Alijaan Inayat,

  Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Visualization

  Affiliation Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Umer Shakeel,

  Roles Methodology

  Affiliation Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan,

  ⨯
• Adedayo Michael Awoniyi,

  Roles Resources, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

  ⨯
• Mamoona Chaudhry

  Contributed equally to this work with: Iram Shakeel, Hamad Bin Rashid, Mamoona Chaudhry

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Data curation

  * E-mail: Mamoona.chaudhry@uvas.edu.pk, mchaudhr@ed.ac.uk (MC); Iramrana786786@gmail.com (IS)

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, University of Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Scotland, United Kingdom,, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, China

  ⨯