The effect of problem-based learning on improving problem-solving, self-directed learning, and critical thinking ability for the pharmacy students: A randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis

Tu Chen; Yi-Jing Zhao; Feng-Qing Huang; Qun Liu; Ying Li; Raphael N. Alolga; Lei Zhang; Gaoxiang Ma

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314017

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

The effect of problem-based learning on improving problem-solving, self-directed learning, and critical thinking ability for the pharmacy students: A randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis

Tu Chen ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Tu Chen, Yi-Jing Zhao, Feng-Qing Huang

Roles Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Yi-Jing Zhao ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Tu Chen, Yi-Jing Zhao, Feng-Qing Huang

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Feng-Qing Huang ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Tu Chen, Yi-Jing Zhao, Feng-Qing Huang

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Qun Liu,

Roles Supervision, Validation

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Ying Li,

Roles Formal analysis, Visualization

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Raphael N. Alolga,

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Lei Zhang ,

Roles Investigation, Visualization

* E-mail: gaoxiang_ma@163.com (GM); zhanglei0544112@126.com (LZ)

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
⨯
Gaoxiang Ma

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: gaoxiang_ma@163.com (GM); zhanglei0544112@126.com (LZ)

Affiliation School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-6445

⨯

The effect of problem-based learning on improving problem-solving, self-directed learning, and critical thinking ability for the pharmacy students: A randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis

Tu Chen,
Yi-Jing Zhao,
Feng-Qing Huang,
Qun Liu,
Ying Li,
Raphael N. Alolga,
Lei Zhang,
Gaoxiang Ma

Published: December 2, 2024
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314017

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