Applying fractional calculus to malware spread: A fractal-based approach to threat analysis

• Nausheen Razi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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• Muhammad Bilal Riaz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations IT4Innovations, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon

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• Ambreen Bano,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ripha International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-3924

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• Tayyab Kamran,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-2476

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• Umar Ishtiaq ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: umar.32411007@math.qau.edu.pk

  Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-1073

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• Anum Shafiq

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation IT4Innovations, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic

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