Morphine self-administration is inhibited by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine and the anti-inflammatory ibudilast; an effect enhanced by their co-administration

• María Elena Quintanilla ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: María Elena Quintanilla, Paola Morales

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Specialized Center for the Prevention of Substance use and the Treatment of Addictions (CESA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Paola Morales ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: María Elena Quintanilla, Paola Morales

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Specialized Center for the Prevention of Substance use and the Treatment of Addictions (CESA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Daniela Santapau,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Javiera Gallardo,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Rocío Rebolledo,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Gabriel Riveras,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Tirso Acuña,

  Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Mario Herrera-Marschitz,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Yedy Israel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Specialized Center for the Prevention of Substance use and the Treatment of Addictions (CESA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

  ⨯
• Fernando Ezquer

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: eezquer@udd.cl

  Affiliations Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile, Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutics Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago, Chile

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7696-4215

  ⨯