Neural network and layer-wise relevance propagation reveal how ice hockey protective equipment restricts players’ motion

• Rebecca Lennartz ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: rebecca.lennartz@fau.de

  Affiliations Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9105-7498

  ⨯
• Arash Khassetarash,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

  ⨯
• Sandro R. Nigg,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

  ⨯
• Bjoern M. Eskofier,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Translational Digital Health Group, Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Benno M. Nigg

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

  ⨯