Using diagnostic data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to unravel macroepidemiological aspects of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 in the United States from 2002–2023

Guilherme Cezar; Edison Magalhães; Kinath Rupasinghe; Srijita Chandra; Gustavo Silva; Marcelo Almeida; Bret Crim; Eric Burrough; Phillip Gauger; Christopher Siepker; Marta Mainenti; Michael Zeller; Eduardo Fano; Pablo Piñeyro; Rodger Main; Mary Thurn; Paulo Lages; Cesar Corzo; Albert Rovira; Hemant Naikare; Rob McGaughey; Franco Matias-Ferreyra; Jamie Retallick; Jordan Gebhardt; Jon Greseth; Darren Kersey; Travis Clement; Angela Pillatzki; Jane Christopher-Hennings; Melanie Prarat; Ashley Johnson; Dennis Summers; Craig Bowen; Joseph Boyle; Kenitra Hendrix; Andreia G. Arruda; Daniel Linhares; Giovani Trevisan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311807

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Using diagnostic data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to unravel macroepidemiological aspects of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 in the United States from 2002–2023

Guilherme Cezar ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3554-457X

⨯
Edison Magalhães ,

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Kinath Rupasinghe ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Methodology, Software

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Srijita Chandra ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Gustavo Silva ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Marcelo Almeida ,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-7721

⨯
Bret Crim ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Eric Burrough ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Phillip Gauger ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Christopher Siepker ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Marta Mainenti ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Michael Zeller ,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5505-6931

⨯
Eduardo Fano ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Pablo Piñeyro ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Rodger Main ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
Mary Thurn ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
⨯
Paulo Lages ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
⨯
Cesar Corzo ,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
⨯
Albert Rovira ,

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
⨯
Hemant Naikare ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
⨯
Rob McGaughey ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
⨯
Franco Matias-Ferreyra ,

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
⨯
Jamie Retallick ,

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
⨯
Jordan Gebhardt ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
⨯
Jon Greseth ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
⨯
Darren Kersey ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
⨯
Travis Clement ,

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Validation, Visualization

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
⨯
Angela Pillatzki ,

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
⨯
Jane Christopher-Hennings ,

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
⨯
Melanie Prarat ,

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ohio Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, United States of America
⨯
Ashley Johnson ,

Roles Data curation, Visualization

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ohio Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, United States of America
⨯
Dennis Summers ,

Roles Investigation, Validation

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ohio Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, United States of America
⨯
Craig Bowen ,

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Validation

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
⨯
Joseph Boyle ,

Roles Data curation, Software

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
⨯
Kenitra Hendrix ,

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
⨯
Andreia G. Arruda ,

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

¶‡ EM, SC, MA, BC, PG, CS, MM, MZ, RM, MT, PL, CC, AR, HN, RM, FMF, JR, JG, JG, DK, TC, AP, JCH, MP, AJ, DS, CB, JB, KH, and AGA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
⨯
Daniel Linhares ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
⨯
[ ... ],
Giovani Trevisan

Contributed equally to this work with: Guilherme Cezar, Kinath Rupasinghe, Gustavo Silva, Eric Burrough, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Daniel Linhares, Giovani Trevisan

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: trevisan@iastate.edu

Affiliation Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-526X

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Using diagnostic data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to unravel macroepidemiological aspects of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 in the United States from 2002–2023

Guilherme Cezar,
Edison Magalhães,
Kinath Rupasinghe,
Srijita Chandra,
Gustavo Silva,
Marcelo Almeida,
Bret Crim,
Eric Burrough,
Phillip Gauger,
Christopher Siepker

Published: December 10, 2024
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311807

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