Estimating the time of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus introduction into United States poultry flocks during the 2022/24 epizootic

• Amos Ssematimba ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: amos.ssematimba@gmail.com

  Affiliations Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-2478

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• Sasidhar Malladi,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Peter J. Bonney,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Kaitlyn M. St. Charles,

  Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Holden C. Hutchinson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Melissa Schoenbaum,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Rosemary Marusak,

  Roles Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Marie R. Culhane,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-7576

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• Carol J. Cardona

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America

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