Surface settlement induced by frictional force of epb shield tunneling in sandy gravels

• Xuening Rong ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: rxn@zju.edu.cn

  Affiliation College of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7623-7539

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• Lirong Gao,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

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• Chaoling Ji,

  Roles Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

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• Aimin Han,

  Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation College of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China

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• Hailong Liu,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Civil Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China

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• Songtong Han

  Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Heilongjiang North Tools Co., Ltd, Mudanjiang, China

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