Characteristics of ChatGPT users from Germany: Implications for the digital divide from web tracking data

• Celina Kacperski ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Celina Kacperski, Roberto Ulloa

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”, Konstanz University, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Wirtschaftspsychologie, Seeburg Castle University, Seeburg am Wallersee, Salzburg, Austria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-5164

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• Roberto Ulloa ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Celina Kacperski, Roberto Ulloa

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: roberto.ulloa@uni-konstanz.de

  Affiliations Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”, Konstanz University, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-5505

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• Denis Bonnay,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Philosophy, Université Paris Nanterre, Paris, France

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• Juhi Kulshrestha,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

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• Peter Selb,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Cluster of Excellence “The Politics of Inequality”, Konstanz University, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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• Andreas Spitz

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Computer and Information Science, Konstanz University, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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