Silk road heritage: The artistic representation of port trading culture in the images of characters in Qing Dynasty Guangzhou export paintings

• Haisa Liu ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ HL and WL contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship.

  Affiliation School of Art and Design, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China

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• Changqing Fu ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: fuchangqinggafa@outlook.com

  Affiliation Visual Culture Research Center, The Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou, China

  https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9003-2642

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• Weicong Li

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ HL and WL contributed equally to this work and shared the first authorship.

  Affiliation Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

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