Muscle short-range stiffness behaves like a maxwell element, not a spring: Implications for joint stability

• Jeff M. Barrett ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jeff.barrett@ubc.ca

  Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, ICORD Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0312-7808

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• Masoud Malakoutian,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations ICORD Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada

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• Sidney Fels,

  Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-9021

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• Stephen H. M. Brown,

  Roles Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

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• Thomas R. Oxland

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, ICORD Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada

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