Insecticides, more than herbicides, land use, and climate, are associated with declines in butterfly species richness and abundance in the American Midwest

• Braeden Van Deynze ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: braeden.vandeynze@dfw.wa.gov

  Affiliation Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, United States of America

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• Scott M. Swinton,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• David A. Hennessy,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America

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• Nick M. Haddad,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

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• Leslie Ries

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  Affiliation Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America

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